How Do I Ensure Data Integrity of Objects Uploaded to or Downloaded From Amazon S3?

If y'all are new to AWS world, nosotros would similar to inform you that being certified on AWS has great benefits for your career. Are you preparing for AWS Certified SysOps Ambassador – Acquaintance certification exam ?  Are you ready to pass this test? In this blog, nosotros are writing a serial of articles on topics which are covered in the AWS Certified SysOps Associate certification examination. You can subscribe to us for receiving further updates on this topic.

The SysOps Associate certification exam is the hardest exam at the associate certification level. We would recommend yous pass both solution architect associated certification exam and programmer associated certification examination beginning before of taking this exam.

The AWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Acquaintance exam validates technical expertise in deployment, management, and operations on the AWS platform

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The AWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Associate Level test validates the candidate's ability to:

• Evangelize the stability and scalability needed by a business organisation on AWS
• Provision systems, services, and deployment automation on AWS
• Ensure information integrity and information security on AWS engineering
• Provide guidance on AWS best practices
• Understand and monitor metrics on AWS

Domains covered past the AWS Certified SysOps associate examination

Effigy #0.  Domains covered by the AWS Certified SysOps acquaintance exam

You lot tin download the related AWS Certified SysOps Ambassador – Acquaintance Level Exam Design  for more detail about it.

In this article, nosotros are going to explain well-nigh the topic that addresses the ensure data integrity and access controls when using the AWS platform as highlighted in the AWS Pattern from the above exam guide.

Context

Cloud security at AWS is the highest priority. As an AWS customer, you will do good from a data center and network architecture built to meet the requirements of the most security-sensitive organizations. The access to your AWS resources should be following always the to the lowest degree privilege. Information technology will warrant a amend integrity, confidentiality and availability of your AWS resource and information/information.

Amazon Web Services Cloud Compliance enables customers to empathize the robust controls in place at AWS to maintain security and data protection in the deject. As systems are built on acme of AWS cloud infrastructure, compliance responsibilities will be shared.

You're responsible for securing your data, establishing access control listing and encrypting your data for avoiding information risks. AWS provides you lot several alternatives to secure your information files when you're using the Amazon Elementary Storage Service (Amazon S3) as follow.

What is Amazon S3?

Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is storage for the Cyberspace. You can apply Amazon S3 to shop and retrieve any amount of data at whatever time, from anywhere on the web.
Information technology's a elementary storage service that offers software developers a highly-scalable, reliable, and depression-latency data storage infrastructure at very low costs.

You can store nigh any kind of data in any format. The total volume of data and number of objects you tin shop are unlimited. Individual Amazon S3 objects tin can range in size from a minimum of 0 bytes to a maximum of 5 terabytes. The largest object that can be uploaded in a single PUT is v gigabytes. For objects larger than 100 megabytes, customers should consider using the Multipart Upload capability.

Y'all tin accomplish these tasks using the simple and intuitive web interface of the AWS Management Console.

How to use S3?

Amazon S3 provides a simple web service interface that you can use to store and call up whatever amount of data, at any time, from anywhere on the web. Amazon S3 is also designed to be highly flexible.

At that place are many of the ways you can use Amazon S3 like:

• Fill-in and Storage: Provide data backup and storage services for others.
• Application Hosting : Provide services that deploy, install, and manage spider web applications.
• Media Hosting : Build a redundant, scalable, and highly available infrastructure that hosts video, photograph, or music uploads and downloads.
• Software Delivery: Host your software applications that customers tin download.

Controlling the admission to your files

Amazon S3 provides authentication mechanisms to secure data stored in Amazon S3 confronting unauthorized admission. By default, all Amazon S3 resources—buckets, objects, and related subresources— are private: only the resource owner, an AWS account that created it, can access the resource. The resource owner can optionally grant access permissions to others by writing an admission policy.

Amazon S3 offers access policy options broadly categorized as resource-based policies and user policies.

Type	Brief description
Resource-based policies	Admission policies you attach to your resources (buckets and objects) are referred to every bit resources-based policies. Both saucepan policies and access command lists (ACLs) are resource-based policies. Each bucket and object have an ACL associated with information technology. An ACL is a list of grants identifying grantee and permission granted. For your saucepan, you tin can add a bucket policy to grant other AWS accounts or IAM users permissions for the bucket and the objects in information technology.
User policies	Access policies you adhere to your users in your account are chosen user policies. You can use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) to manage access to your Amazon S3 resources. Using IAM, you can create IAM users, groups, and roles in your account and attach admission policies to them granting them access to AWS resources including Amazon S3.

Tabular array # 1. Type of policies related

You may choose to utilize resource-based policies, user policies, or some combination of these to manage permissions to your Amazon S3 resource. Amazon S3 supports user hallmark to control admission to data. A bucket policy is a JSON access policy options available for you to grant permission to your Amazon S3 resources:

A S3 Saucepan Policy sample

Figure #2. A bucket Policy sample

You can utilize admission control mechanisms such as bucket policies and Admission Command Lists (ACLs) to selectively grant permissions to users and groups of users. You can deeply upload/download your data to Amazon S3 via SSL endpoints using the HTTPS protocol. If you need extra security you can utilize the Server Side Encryption (SSE) option or the Server Side Encryption with Customer-Provide Keys (SSE-C) selection to encrypt data stored-at-rest. Amazon S3 provides the encryption technology for both SSE and SSE-C. Alternatively, you can utilise your own encryption libraries to encrypt data before storing it in Amazon S3.

Availability and Durability according to Blazon

For information protection, the best practice is to have a backup and to put in identify safeguards against malicious or accidental user'south errors. For S3 data files, that best practice includes secure access permissions, Cantankerous-Region Replication, versioning and a functioning, regularly tested backup.

The S3 Standard is designed for 99.99% availability and the Amazon S3 buckets in all Regions provide read-after-write consistency for PUTS of new objects and eventual consistency for overwrite PUTS and DELETES.

Durability and Availability characteristics according to S3 type

Figure #three. Durability and Availability characteristics according to S3 type

Versioning Data Files

Versioning is a ways of keeping multiple variants of an object in the same saucepan. You can use versioning to preserve, retrieve, and restore every version of every object stored in your Amazon S3 bucket. With versioning, you can easily recover from both unintended user deportment and application failures.
Versioning-enabled buckets enable you to recover objects from accidental deletion or overwrite. Y'all can enable versioning post-obit the instructions:

To enable or disable versioning on an S3 bucket

1. Sign in to the AWS Management Panel and open the Amazon S3 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/s3/ .
2. In the Bucket name listing, cull the proper noun of the saucepan that you want to enable versioning for.
3. Choose Properties and select the pick Versioning.
4. Choose Enable versioning or Suspend versioning, and so choose Save, every bit y'all can see in the following figure:

Enabling or Suspending Versioning into a S3 bucket

Figure #iv. Enabling or Suspending Versioning into an S3 bucket

Recall that if you suspend versioning into a bucket, from that moment you're suspending the creation of new object versions, but it preserves object versions created before.

You can optionally add another layer of security by configuring a bucket to enable MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication) Delete, which requires additional hallmark for either of the following operations:

• Change the versioning state of your saucepan
• Permanently delete an object version

Versioning could be integrated and used in conjunction with Lifecycle rules.

Lifecycle Rules

You can set Lifecycle rules to manage the lifetime and the toll of storing multiple versions of your objects.
Lifecycle configuration enables you to specify the lifecycle management of objects in a bucket. The configuration is a fix of one or more than rules, where each rule defines an action for Amazon S3 to utilize to a group of objects.

These actions can be classified as follows:

• Transition deportment : In which yous define when objects transition to another storage class. For example, you may choose to transition objects to the STANDARD_IA (IA, for infrequent admission) storage grade 30 days after creation or archive objects to the GLACIER storage form 1 year afterward creation.
• Expiration actions: In which you specify when the objects expire. And so Amazon S3 deletes the expired objects on your behalf.

Of import Points to Recollect for the AWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Acquaintance Certification exam

• Amazon S3 is a service that provides storage for the internet. You tin can use it to store and recall whatever corporeality of data at whatsoever fourth dimension, from anywhere on the spider web
• There is non limit the full book of data and number of objects you tin store
• All S3 objects storage could exist accessed directly using an Cyberspace URL
• An Amazon S3 object have 0 bytes to a maximum of 5 terabytes of size
• You should consider using the Multipart Upload capability when you're uploading big data files (>100 MB) uploading parts in parallel to amend throughput
• You tin can set an S3 Bucket policy to make all data files stored in a saucepan, public
• Amazon S3 provides the encryption technology for both SSE and SSE-C
• Yous should utilize versioning to preserve, recall, and restore any version of an S3 object stored
• You can implement a rollback window for your Amazon S3 objects, combining Lifecycle rules and Versioning.
• Yous could use Amazon CloudFront to serve content as a method of controlling access to your S3 data file content by requiring users to utilise signed URLs.
• You tin enable MFA delete, it requires and additional authentication before to delete a file

Glossary

Term	Brief clarification
Access Command List (ACL)	A certificate that defines who can access a particular saucepan or object. Each bucket and object in Amazon S3 has an ACL. The document defines what each type of user tin can do, such equally write and read permissions.
Authenticated Encryption	Encryption that provides confidentiality, information integrity, and actuality assurances of the encrypted data.
S3 Admission Policy	A document defining permissions that utilise to a user, group, or role; the permissions in turn determine what users can do into an S3 bucket. A policy typically allows access or can also explicitly deny admission.
Delete Marker	An object with a primal and version ID, merely without content. Amazon S3 inserts delete markers automatically into versioned buckets when an object is deleted.
Individual Content	When using Amazon CloudFront to serve content with an Amazon S3 saucepan as the origin, a method of controlling access to your content by requiring users to use signed URLs. Signed URLs tin can restrict user access based on the current engagement and time and/or the IP addresses that the requests originate from.
Versioning	Every object in Amazon S3 has a primal and a version ID. Objects with the same primal, but different version IDs tin be stored in the aforementioned bucket. Versioning is enabled at the saucepan layer using PUT Bucket versioning.

Summary

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In this article, we accept explained near the data integrity and access control associated to data files storage at Amazon S3, and how to use access control lists and policies to secure your vital data using security best practices, guaranteeing high availability, continuity and recovery against a disaster.

References:

[i] Amazon S3 FAQs. Amazon AWS. https://aws.amazon.com/s3/faqs
[2] Amazon S3 Documentation. Amazon AWS. https://aws.amazon.com/documentation/s3
[3] AWS Certified SysOps Ambassador – Associate Certification. https://aws.amazon.com/certification/certified-sysops-admin-associate/

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Source: https://www.whizlabs.com/blog/aws-s3-data-security/

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